Erwin Shrodinger, a famous physicist and author said:
Life is characterized by the “ability to create order from disorder by exploiting external energy sources (negative entropy).”
Life Science textbooks generally describe the characteristics of life such as movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, and excretion. In other words, living systems will exhibit these characteristics. However, there is a deeper concept here, one that helps us to understand just how special life is. The Schrodinger definition addresses this deeper understanding about life. The concept of creating order from disorder relates to what is known as entropy. This brings us to the first universal law in our journey. It is known as the second law of thermodynamics which states:
Life goes the other way, it creates order from disorder over time. For many years it was thought that life violated the second law of thermodynamics. It wasn’t until recently that it was discovered that living systems did not decrease entropy but used the energy from the universe mainly in the form of light (photons carrying the electromagnetic force). This use of energy from the universe causes the total entropy of the universe to increase keeping the second law intact. This idea of a system creating order from disorder is extremely central to understanding just what life is.